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Present-Day Tectonic and Non-Tectonic Crustal Deformation of and Around the Indian Plate From GNSS and GRACE Measurements.

Rajewar SK, Gahalaut VK, Burgmann R, Puviarasan N, Krishnan KCS, Bhu H, Purohit R, Roy PNS, Dore B, Yadav R, Puviarasan K, Mondal SK, Catherine JK, Mohanty A, Ajeesha A, Naidu MS, Rao VR.

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH

https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JB032730 

Using continuous GNSS data from over 1600 stations across the Indian subcontinent, we estimate site motions and seasonal variations. Himalayan and Indo-Burmese boundary zones move at 15-20 mm/yr relative to the Indian plate, with high strain rates (70-100 ηstrain/yr). The southern plate interior region is more stable (2 ηstrain/yr). Vertical uplift in the northwest reflects groundwater depletion, and seasonal GNSS and GRACE signals highlight hydrological loading effects, entire load seems to be centered in the Indo-Gangetic plains and the central-east India region.

Fig: Strain rate map derived from GNSS horizontal velocities.

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