Human civilization has germinated and thrived on the bounties of Nature right from the rivers and lakes for water sources, forests for food, rocks for flints and crude weapons, wood for fire. The connection of civilization to the resources from Mother Earth is one of the most fundamental facts of our existence; geological and geophysical studies play a primary role in exploration and exploitation of natural resources like water, fossil fuels and renewable energy sources, metallic and non-metallic minerals for uses in every endeavor of human progress. CSIR-NGRI has a dedicated mission for ground water exploration in different geological terrains, has a long history of exploration studies for Mesozoic sediments for oil and gas and gas hydrates and several landmark achievements in mineral explorations from Kimberlite pipes to Uranium.