Geological Carbon Sequestration (GCS) is a critical technology for mitigating climate change by capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) in underground geological formations. Geophysical techniques are indispensable in the lifecycle of Geological Carbon Sequestration projects, from initial site selection and characterization to ongoing monitoring and ensuring long-term storage integrity. By providing detailed subsurface information and continuous monitoring capabilities, these techniques help to mitigate risks, ensure regulatory compliance, and build public confidence in the safety and effectiveness of GCS as a critical tool in the fight against climate change.
CSIR-NGRI, a premier research Institute in Geophysics, has initiated various R&D projects to study GCS in India. We are primarily involved in the following:
1. Site Selection and Characterization
Before CO2 can be stored underground, selecting and characterizing suitable geological sites is crucial. Geophysical methods such as seismic, magnetic, and gravity measurements are employed to
2. Monitoring CO2 Injection and Migration
Continuous monitoring of CO2 injection and migration within the reservoir is essential to ensure the CO2 remains securely stored and poses no environmental risk. Geophysical techniques facilitate this. We are primarily involved in generating realistic time-lapse scenarios in various geological formations for the feasibility assessment of time-lapse seismic data.
3. Long-Term/Permanent Storage
We are studying different formations in the Deccan Volcanic Province to assess the feasibility of permanent sequestration of CO2
4. Public Awareness and Regulatory Issues
Geophysical techniques play a crucial role in supporting regulatory compliance and enhancing public assurance regarding the safety and efficacy of GCS projects. Geophysical data provide the necessary evidence to demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements for CO2 storage projects, including monitoring, verification, and accounting of stored CO2. Transparent reporting of geophysical monitoring results helps build public trust and confidence in GCS technologies, address concerns about potential environmental impacts, and ensure community support.
CSIR-NGRI is supporting regulatory bodies with the required geophysical information.